“活的”大脑模型用于寻找阿尔茨海默症的治疗方法

“活的”大脑模型用于寻找阿尔茨海默症的治疗方法
图1:人脑皮质类器官衰老相关变化。a从体外培养超过13周并用SA-β-gal染色的H9-ESCs中提取的人类大脑皮质类器官切片的代表性图像。比例尺= 1000µm。虚线框表示放大的图像。W是周。b SA-β-gal面积归一化到来自H9-ESCs的每个单个类器官总面积的百分比的量化。数据以均数±标准差表示。****通过单因素方差分析P < 0.0001。独立实验数= 3。分析的类器官总数= 72。 W is week. c Representative images of sections of different ages of human organoids derived from H9-ESCs. Sections were stained with p21 antibody (red) and counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar = 65 µm. W is week. White dotted box indicates the magnified image. d Quantification of the percentage of total p21+ cells relative to the total number of cells per organoids derived from H9-ESCs. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. **P < 0.001, *P < 0.01 via one-way ANOVA. Number of independent experiments = 3. Total number of analyzed organoids = 63. W is week. e qRT-PCR of p16 and KL at different stages of in vitro culture of human cortical organoids derived from H9-ESCs. All values were normalized to GAPDH levels of their respective samples, and expressed relative to W1 values to obtain the fold change. Data are shown as mean ± standard error mean; Number of independent experiments = 4. Total number of analyzed organoids = 72; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 via one-way ANOVA. W is week. f Western blots showing the protein levels of full-length KL and secreted KL in human cortical organoids derived from H9-ESCs cultured over 13 weeks. Actin was used for normalization. Star indicates the specific band of secreted KL, sKL indicates secreted KL. All blots derive from the same experiment and processed in parallel. g Bar graphs show the quantification of KL, as well as secreted KL levels obtained from f. Data are shown as mean ± standard error mean. The number of independent experiments = 4, total number of examined organoids is 72. sKL indicates secreted KL. h Normalized relative expression values of p16 and KL mRNA obtained from published RNA-seq studies. The fold change was calculated by dividing the normalized mRNA value of different weeks over W1. Data are shown as mean ± standard error mean. W is week. i Heatmap represents the expression of RNA-seq data of senescence increased and decreased markers in cortical organoids derived from iPSCs cultured over different time points. Relative expression data were further normalized between 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest) expression value of individual genes across different time points of organoids culture. Normalized expression values were color-coded with red values indicating upregulation and white values indicating downregulation. W is week. Credit: DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00070-x

研究人脑的微型“活体”模型有助于研究人员了解其衰老过程,并找到治疗阿尔茨海默症和其他神经退行性疾病的潜在方法。

昆士兰大学的科学家们发现了不同的细胞机制,可以加速或减少细胞恶化。

Ernst Wolvetang教授在昆士兰大学的澳大利亚生物工程和纳米技术研究所研究类器官,这是一种非常接近人类大脑的模型。

“我们已经发现了这一点可以用来研究推动大脑衰老的过程,”Wolvetang教授说。

“这为测试许多分子开辟了道路,这些分子可能成为治疗一系列神经退行性疾病的潜在药物。”

通过使用类器官,Wolvetang教授和Julio Aguado博士发现,在罕见的神经退行性疾病共济失调-毛细血管扩张症(A-T)中,DNA泄漏加速了衰老。

在另一个研究项目中,Wolvetang教授和Mohammed Shaker博士发现,增加“抗衰老”蛋白质klotho的水平可以减少与衰老和痴呆相关的脑细胞退化。

“抗衰老”蛋白质和阿尔茨海默症的治疗

穆罕默德·沙克尔(Mohammed Shaker)博士使用干细胞技术培育了具有发育中的人类大脑的细胞组成和结构的类器官,以研究克洛索。

图片来源:昆士兰大学

“我们改变了克洛索的基因水平,以研究蛋白质增加对类器官的影响并发现它能减缓89%的衰老过程,”Shaker博士说。

“我们的研究清楚地表明,这种蛋白质对减少大脑衰老的影响有强大而直接的影响。

"如果我们能找到增加克洛索的方法细胞,这可能有助于阻止或减缓阿尔茨海默病。”

该团队的研究已经发表在杂志上衰老与疾病机制

更多信息:Mohammed R. Shaker等人,Klotho抑制人脑类器官的神经元衰老,npj衰老与疾病机制(2021)。DOI: 10.1038 / s41514 - 021 - 00070 - x
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引用:用于寻找阿尔茨海默症治疗的“活的”大脑模型(2021年,11月2日)于2022年11月9日从//www.pyrotek-europe.com/news/2021-11-brain-alzheimer-treatment.html检索
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进一步探索

一种叫做klotho的蛋白质能阻止痴呆和衰老吗?

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