无创光学起搏器的研制。a,通过眶后注射AAV9-mTNT::ChRmine-p2A-oScarlet实现外部光源对心律的光学控制示意图。b,共聚焦横切面图像显示ChRmine-p2A-oScarlet(红色)在心房和心室的均匀转基因表达,DAPI染色(蓝色)。比例尺,1毫米(主要);100 μ m(插入)。c,心电图(ECG)示踪示例,使用589 nm光,以15 Hz (900 bpm)传输,脉冲宽度为10 ms,辐照度为160 mW mm−2.比例尺,500毫秒。插入痕迹:光传输前后(灰色)和光开始和停止时(红色)的心电信号。比例尺,50 ms, 0.5 mV。d, 900 bpm光激活QRS复合物的可靠性与皮肤光学辐照度的函数关系(n = 6只小鼠)。e,单个10毫秒光脉冲的ECG迹例。灰色箭头表示与窦性心律相关的P波,在光学起搏时被覆盖(红色箭头)。比例尺,25 ms, 0.25 mV。f,示例心电图示速为600,800和1000bpm。比例尺,50 ms, 0.5 mV。 The shaded area indicates the period of illumination at the specified frequency at 100% duty cycle. g, Characterization of optical pacing fidelity, showing stimulation frequency versus ECG-measured heart rate (n = 6 mice). All ECG measurements were performed in anasthetized mice. Credit:自然(2023)。DOI: 10.1038 / s41586 - 023 - 05748 - 8